Prepare
As Jesus continues his Sermon on the Mount, he shifts his focus from God’s character and wide blessing to the character of disciples. He proclaims they “are the salt of the earth” and “the light of the world” and encourages them to act accordingly (Matthew 5:13-14, NRSVue).
Verse 16 is commonly used in Lutheran baptismal liturgies as a way of proclaiming that this same identity and calling, first given to Jesus’s earliest followers, now belongs to those who are newly baptized and to us as his followers today.
But Jesus also reminds his disciples (ancient and modern) that what he is preaching is nothing new. He did not “come to abolish the Law or the Prophets” (Matthew 5:17, NRSVue). He points us to the commandments, and not just the Ten! There are actually 613 commandments in the Torah. Jesus famously mentions the two most important in Matthew 22:35-40.
These two might be considered one because one can’t fully love God without loving your neighbor and vice versa. Martin Luther might agree, as he starts each of his commandment explanations in the Small Catechism with the same phrase: “We are to fear and love God, so that…” But regardless of how these are numbered, we are called to follow the guidance of the past.
Which brings us to today’s assigned reading from Isaiah. Chapter 58 is part of what scholars call Third Isaiah, which means its original historical context is the return from exile in Babylon. The people’s ancestors were sent into exile after they strayed from God and God’s ways, failing to live in accordance with God’s commandments. They did not heed the warnings of God’s prophets. So God “hit the reset button” by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Upon their return, they had to rebuild and make decisions about how to order their society, and here the prophet shares words of wisdom from God.
Opening Exercise
1. Icebreaker Question Options:
- Which of the five basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami) do you think is your favorite? And what is your favorite food that highlights that taste?
- Tell about a time when you fasted (it doesn’t have to be from food or for religious reasons).
Text Read Aloud
Isaiah 58:1-12
Matthew 5:13-20
Salt, Light, and the Life of Discipleship
This week’s assigned Gospel reading is a continuation of Jesus’s Sermon on the Mount, which began last week with the Beatitudes. In that opening passage, we heard about how wide, and at times seemingly illogical, God’s blessing truly is.
Now Jesus’s teaching shifts to focus more on the life of discipleship, that is, who we are
called to be in light of who God is. Jesus tells his followers that they are salt and light. But he also warns them that one can be those things and not fulfill their intended purpose. You can be salt, but not preserve and flavor food, maintain healthy bodies, or melt ice.
Chemically speaking, any neutral compound made up of an anion and a cation held together by an ionic bond is a salt. But for simplicity, going forward, when I say salt, I’m going to be referring to table salt (sodium chloride NaCl). As the proud owner of a BS in Chemistry, I hope you will believe me when I tell you: salt CANNOT lose it saltiness.
When you grind salt, you break down its crystalline structure, but you don’t break the ionic bond. Crushing salt does not cause it to lose its saltiness. When you dissolve salt in water, you do break the ionic bond and are left with Na+ and Cl- ions floating around in solution. But when the water is removed—evaporated away—the ions simply recombine back into salt. Water does not cause salt to lose its saltiness.
What you can do is render salt not useful by mixing it with impurities. If you mix salt with the wrong things—for example dirt—then you aren’t going to want to use it to flavor your food or balance your electrolytes. However, it is still salt.
Same thing with a light. You can be light, but not usefully illuminate anything. A light doesn’t stop being bright just because you block the photons from getting to your eyes. Yet, what is the point? It is simply a waste of electricity or fire fuel.
Thankfully, Isaiah gives us some guidance on what exactly Jesus means when he tells his followers to be salt and light. God is not as interested in personal piety and ritual as God is interested in mercy and justice. God yearns for us “to loose the bonds of injustice […] let the oppressed go free […] share [our] bread with the hungry […] bring the homeless poor into [our] house,” etc (Isaiah 58:6-7, NRSVue).
That is how God wants us to shine our light. God’s word, including the commandments, are not meant to be a grading rubric for us to use against others to see if they measure up and are worthy of God’s love. All humans are beloved children of God, made in God’s image. We are all salt and light, and we are called to act accordingly. And when (not if, but when) we fall short, we can trust that God will still love us and welcome us into the kingdom, for the “least in the kingdom of heaven” are still in the kingdom (Matthew 5:19, NRSVue)!
Reflection Questions
- What work does Jesus call his disciples to be about?
- What does it mean to be “the salt of the earth” and “the light of the world”?
- What things get in the way of you being salt and light? What might we need to fast from?
- Which commandment is the hardest to keep? Which commandment is the most commonly broken?
Closing Activity
- Make a two-column chart. At the top of one column write “Fast” and at the top of the other column write “Feast.” Work as a group to fill in the two columns with specific examples of what God calls us to fast from (aka give up, avoid, divest from, spend less time/money/energy on) and what God calls us to feast on (aka prioritize, invest in, spend more time/money/energy on). If you need help getting started, look up William Arthur Ward’s poem “Fasting and Feasting.”
Final Blessing
- Give each participant a candle to hold or light one candle in the midst of the group (be careful around open flames). Then go around the group and say to each participant: “(Name), you are the salt of the earth, you are the light of the world.”
- You could have the whole group say it to each person, the leader proclaim to each, or pass the message from one person to the next, sort of like a game of telephone.
- End by announcing “(Local slang for the plural you ex: y’all or youse) are the salt of the earth and the light of the world.” And the group responding “We are the salt of the earth and the light of the world.”
Bio of Author
Leslie Weber is a pastor, spouse, mother, daughter, sister, friend, and ally. She serves at Grace Lutheran Church (Chesapeake, VA) and Holy Communion Lutheran Church (Portsmouth, VA). Her favorite salty snack is soft pretzels served with warm cheese dip and her favorite sweet treat is a chocolate-covered caramel with plenty of sea salt on top.
