{"id":51,"date":"2020-12-14T14:53:21","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T20:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.elca.org\/ammparo\/?p=51"},"modified":"2020-12-14T14:53:21","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T20:53:21","slug":"migrating-women-and-their-experience-with-gender-based-violence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.elca.org\/ammparo\/migrating-women-and-their-experience-with-gender-based-violence\/","title":{"rendered":"Migrating Women and their Experience with Gender-Based Violence"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Giovana Oaxaca, Program Director for Migration Policy<\/em><\/p>\n

The\u00a0allegations<\/a>\u00a0of medical neglect and invasive gynecological procedures in a privately-run detention center in Irwin County, Ocilla, Ga.\u2014including coerced sterilization\u2014quickly drew disbelief and condemnation\u00a0worldwide<\/a>\u00a0this fall. Far from unique, these shocking allegations echo the historic and current reality of cruel and inhumane treatment towards migrant women. At every stage and step of their lives, migrants, immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers are at special risk of having their fundamental human rights violated.<\/p>\n

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GBV as a migration driver<\/h5>\n

\"\"<\/a>What drives people to migrate will vary from person to person, but one of the most cited reasons is to escape from domestic abuse and violence. For countless women, girls, and LGTBQIA+ persons in the Northern Triangle of Central America\u2013El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras\u2014sexual- and gender-based violence (GBV) is inescapable reality. Every day, over\u00a0100 cases<\/a>\u00a0of violence against women are filed in Guatemala. In 2018, a woman was killed in Honduras\u00a0every 18 hours<\/a>. El Salvador, which has the highest<\/a> rate of femicide in Latin America, reported 84 femicides<\/a> in an 8-month span of time in 2020 at the height of pandemic quarantine measures. Globally, gender-based violence is widely recognized as a key human rights issue, as highlighted in the international 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence<\/a>\u00a0campaign.<\/p>\n

These figures likely do not capture the full scope of the violence experienced by women. Social stigma, fear of retribution and lack of confidence in authorities often contribute to underreporting<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Shifts in U.S. Policy Toward Asylum Seekers<\/h5>\n

The United States has a policy of granting limited humanitarian protections to persons fleeing gender-based persecution and violence. Unfortunately, overtime, these protections have become harder to access. Under President Trump, the U.S. government has\u00a0undermined protections<\/a>\u00a0for people fleeing domestic abuse and gang violence and\u00a0turned away<\/a>\u00a0asylum seekers,\u00a0trapping<\/a>\u00a0families, men, women and children in precarious conditions without any meaningful access to protection. People at risk of GBV thus contend with persecution at home, in transit, and even from U.S. authorities.<\/p>\n

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ELCA responds to human need<\/h5>\n

While working with migrating, returned and deported women, civil society organizations and faith-partners have expressed the need for services geared at empowering women socially, politically and economically. The\u00a0ELCA\u2019s AMMPARO strategy<\/a>\u00a0(Accompanying Migrant Minors with Protection, Advocacy, Representation and Opportunities) has placed a special emphasis on working with advocates in Central America who give witness to these perilous conditions and supported their advocacy efforts.<\/p>\n

\u201cMigrants, immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers often suffer more when they are women, girls, or gender non-conforming people\u201d notes the ELCA social statement\u00a0Faith, Sexism, and Justice: A Call to Action<\/em><\/a>.\u201d \u201cWomen, girls, and people who identify as non-binary must not be deprived of their human or civil rights.\u201d When the disturbing account of human rights violations against immigrant women in custody of the privately run Irwin County Detention Center surfaced, ELCA Presiding Bishop Elizabeth Eaton\u00a0stated<\/a>, \u201cAs the ELCA we strongly condemn gender-based violence and violations of human rights wherever they occur.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Threats in U.S. detention<\/h5>\n

Abuse of women is widespread in immigration detention centers and constitutes a serious threat to the civil and personal liberties of migrants. The\u00a0detained population<\/a>\u00a0has multiplied over the last 30 years under a U.S. government policy to apprehend and detain increasing numbers of immigrants. Alternatives such as\u00a0community-based alternatives to detention<\/a>, although humane, less costly and more effective, have not been pursued, overburdening an already strained system at the\u00a0expense of the people detained<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The United Nation High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) guidance says that all immigration practices should implement\u00a0special measures<\/a>\u00a0to protect women from sexual and gender-based violence and exploitation in detention. According to the UNHCR, other groups that are vulnerable to abuse, like children and members of the LGBTQIA+ community, should also be afforded special measures to guarantee their safety. The UNHCR mainly advocates that detention should be used as a measure of last resort and asylum seekers should be given every opportunity to seek protection. The U.S. government must do more to meet even this basic standard of care.<\/p>\n

In fact, the U.S. federal government has become one of the most egregious perpetrators and accessories of GBV. Between 2010 and 2017, there was a staggering\u00a01,224<\/a>\u00a0complaints of sexual assault abuse in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention yet only 43 investigations. Based upon known patterns, these numbers likely reflect underreporting. We know people don\u2019t come forward out of fear of retaliation and are not consistently supported by confidence in prosecution of perpetrators. Like most cases of GBV, these acts are committed in nearly total impunity.<\/p>\n

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What can we do?<\/h5>\n

Increased scrutiny at Irwin creates new incentives for advocacy<\/p>\n